painting defects in steel structure

Hence the paint should be selected based on many factors such as type of surface, type of environment, etc. Your structure is up. PDF. SSPC-SP 7/ NACE No. And when the steel you fabricate holds up bridges, overpasses, buildings, and stadiums, bad things are big bad things. DEFECTS IN STEEL STRUCTURES. paint defects will serve the practitioner as a handy reference source in his daily work. Chalking. Skip to SSPC’s steel surface preparation standards. Complete removal of all visible oil, grease, dirt, rust, coating, mill scale, corrosion products and other foreign matter by power tools, with resultant minimum surface profile of 1 mil. 2. All un-insulated equipments like columns, vessels, drums, heat exchangers, pumps, compressors, electrical panels, motors etc. Luckily, SSPC and NACE have set industry standards for surface preparation that are detailed below. Steel Structure Preparation and Painting Procedure; Steel Structure Packing and Shipping Procedure; Steel Structure Packing List; Third Party Inspection for Steel Structure - Material Inspection . This defect is called running. However, abrasive blasting is not effective for removing oil, grease or chemicals. The chapter discusses paint protection of steel structures of oil, gas, and petrochemical industries mainly for refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, gas plants, aboveground facilities of gas transmission and distribution systems, marine structures and where applicable, in exploration, production and new ventures. Pre-cleaning removes loose or soluble surface contaminants. The possible types of failures in steel structures. 4Brush-Off Blast CleaningRemoval of all loose contaminants while uniformly roughening the surface. Download PDF Package. While hand tool cleaning is certainly an option for steel surface preparation, power tool cleaning is more efficient when hand tools aren’t necessary for getting into tight spaces. Abstract. Domestic Steel Requirements clarified. The steel, welded, painted and fasteners used in our steel structures shall be certified of quality.The main material is Q235B.Q345B, Q420B, etc. PDF. This is true to all vertical and horizontal projects which includes steel structures. In some cases, several defects may occur simultaneously and hinder the determination of the causes and redemption works. SSPC-SP 6 (WAB)/ NACE WAB3Commercial Wet Abrasive Blast CleaningSame level of cleanliness as SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. Conformance to Profile/Surface Roughness/Peak Count Requirements. Surface preparation can take a variety of forms depending on the condition of the steel you’re trying to treat. It occurs when the bond between surface and paint film is poor. Finding the right surface preparation protocol is imperative to a establishing long-lasting, effective coating system. Surface defects are the boundaries, or planes, that separate a material into regions, each region having the same crystal structure but different orientations. ByBlock: An Advanced Construction Material for a Better Future, Graphene Concrete: A Revolutionary Innovation in the Construction Sector. 2, but achieved by wet abrasive blast cleaning. Download Full PDF Package. To achieve good painting work, applicators and … One component, multiple coats There are primarily two generic coating types that comprise intumescent coatings—one component acrylic/vinyl/polyvinyl acetate coatings or high-build epoxy coatings. Our associates are incredibly well trained in this regard, so our customers can be confident in the product quality and the many minds and hands that ensure it. The following are some of the common defects found in paint works. System Redundant Member definition and fabrication requirements added. An example would be a structural beam that meets the specified size, color and grade requirements, but is understrength. SSPC-SP 16Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Coated and Uncoated Galvanized Steel, Stainless Steels, and Non-Ferrous MetalsRequirements for removing loose contaminants and coating from coated and uncoated galvanized steel, stainless steels, and non-ferrous metals. Also Read: Different Surface preparation is just as important as the coating system selected to protect your assets. SSPC-SP 3Power Tool CleaningRemoval of all loose rust, loose mill scale, and loose paint, by power tool chipping, descaling, sanding, wire brushing, and grinding. Because of the electrochemical relationship of aluminum to steel, aluminum will corrode first. § 565-2.01 Page 5-103 Delete line 3 and Add “Structural Steel Paint Class 1 708-01” § 565-2.04 Page 5-103 Delete lines 35 to 43 and Replace with the following: “D. Abrasive blast cleaning is perfect for removing mill scale, rust, old paint and similar contaminants. SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. inspection, cleaning, or painting should be accomplished by the proper proportioning of repairs and the design of their details. Download PDF. It is similar to alligatoring but here cracks are limited to a small area, unlike alligatoring cracks. Paint manufacturers reformulated their coatings to comply with new regulations. In this type of defect, some portion of the paint film is not sticked properly with the surface; … Part 1 Inspection of Fabricated Structural Steel Section I: No significant changes. 9 Blistering and delamination of a coating system around bare steel areas and coating defects associated with cathodic protection on buried pipelines, immersed structures, and the hulls of ships. preparation conditions because paint formulation contained high VOCs to allow the material to wet or penetrate steel surfaces. DEFECTS IN STEEL STRUCTURES. SSPC-SP 15Commercial Grade Power Tool CleaningBetween SP 3 and SP 11. Prabir Datta. Paint sampling revised. DEFECTS IN STEEL STRUCTURES. Paint systems for steel structures have developed over the years to comply with industrial environmental legislation and in response to demands from bridge and building owners for improved durability performance. painting / coating for the touch-up and repair of damaged external or inter nal surfaces of existing structures and facilities including structural steel works, process piping, pressure vessels, galvanized surfaces and equipment. GUIDE TO WELD INSPECTION FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK This guide is complementary to the BCSA’s National Structural Steelwork Specification for Building Construction 5th Edition CE Marking Version(NSSS) which states that “it can be used for all … 2 Prior Repairs Gaps in Panels Paint/Body Defects Turned Bolts . When a thin layer of paint is coating on a glossy and smooth surface the paint may run back and sometimes leaves small areas of surface uncovered. 4.8 The contract combines two separate services: (1) the job work of fabrication of steel structures and delivery thereof at the site with incidental supply of paint, and (2) works contract of applying a coat of paint to the steel structures after erection. System Redundant Member definition and fabrication requirements added. Paint defects can have many causes. A structure, when stressed beyond 5 PURPOSE This procedure outlines the general requirements for the repair of painted/coated surfaces. Abrasive blast cleaning is perfect for removing mill scale, rust, old paint and similar contaminants. Download PDF. 4.11. Once you have a clear picture of the issue, consult and verify your assessment with a certified professional. Settling of pigments to the bottom of the container and failure to re-disperse. SSPC-SP 10/ NACE No. SSPC-SP WJ-3/ NACE WJ-3Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Through CleaningWhen viewed without magnification, the metal surface shall have a matte (dull, mottled) finish and shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, rust, and other corrosion products except for randomly dispersed stains of rust and other corrosion products, tightly adherent thin coatings, and other tightly adherent foreign matter. Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Clean to Bare Substrate, When viewed without magnification, the metal surface shall have a matte (dull, mottled) finish and shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, rust and other corrosion products, previous coatings, mill scale, and foreign matter, Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Very Thorough Cleaning. COMMON DEFECTS IN STEEL STRUCTURAL ERECTION AT SITE BY PRABIR DATTA,B.Sc,F.I.E(I) LIFE FELLOW,INSTITUTION OF … Staining is permitted on no more than 5% of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) area of the cleaned surface. All you need to do is repair, re-touch and restore! Primary Production Defects Defects may be introduced when raw materials are made into a shape suitable for further processing. Weathering steel (Specification 3309) forms a protective surface which limits corrosion to a very low rate under mild to moderate exposure conditions. the thick paint film may run downwards and forms sagging of paint. Download Free PDF. 6 1 Introduction Hand tool cleaning becomes necessary when parts of a job are inaccessible to power tools, i.e., small corners and crevices. The defects which are commonly found in paint work are as follow. Level of flash rust permissible immediately prior to coating application must be specified. Level of flash rust permissible immediately prior to coating application must be specified. Its purpose is to wet the surface and to provide good adhesion for subsequently applied coats. That is, it will corrode preferentially to steel. Premium PDF Package. Following are the common defects that occur in painting : Blistering and peeling are defects in which swelling of the paint film occurs. Gassing is most common over plastic substrates and zinc coated steel, although I also have seen it occur over aluminum castings (which turned out to unacceptably porous). This is mainly due to atmospheric agencies such as sunlight, moisture, etc. Paint defects 10 Poor opacity. Abrasive blasting can actually. Same level of cleanliness as SSPC-SP 7/NACE No.4, but achieved by wet abrasive blast cleaning. Fading is the discoloration of the paint surface. Wet abrasive blasting is a great option when a significant amount of coating needs to be removed. Login to The Constructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. Between SP 7 (brush-off) and SP 6 (commercial). Polyurethane SUMMARY Primers, specialized paints and finishing coats are applied to steel structures in order to protect them from the elements or for esthetic purposes. Fig. If you go down the abrasive blasting route, make sure to take care of these types of contaminants during pre-cleaning. Complete removal of rust and mill scale by acid pickling, duplex pickling, or electrolytic pickling. Abrasive blasting is one of the most fast and cost-effective methods of surface preparation available for large areas of steel. There are three types of power tools used for surface cleaning: Impact cleaning tools use an internal piston to drive a hardened edge against surfaces. and that the cleaning and painting system applied to the bridge be free of defects, as hereinafter defined for a period of two years after the Warranty Period Start Date. Blistering Defect of Paint 2. Download Full PDF Package. Severe damage can be made invisible and brought back to original condition. Part 1 Inspection of Fabricated Structural Steel Section I: No significant changes. Consider the following before starting an abrasive blasting project: Water cleaning can be used for both pre-cleaning and blasting. Otherwise, defects may occur in painting. Painting/Painters of Large Steel Structures, Structural Steel, Beams, Cranes & Bridges. The primer is applied directly on to the cleaned steel surface. It is caused by salts in the brick or concrete dissolving with water and then leaching to the surface as the water evaporates. VIP members get additional benefits. PDF. Carbon steel ducts, furnaces and stacks require painting. Wire brushes, sandpaper, scrapers, abrasive pads, chisels and chipping hammers are all hand tools that help clear contaminants. Many factors are likely to affect the quality of the weld. Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Through Cleaning, Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Light Cleaning. The paint film should be opaque enough to cover the Paint sampling revised. bearing steel is possible to improve corrosion resistance for paint defect. If the bleeding through is severe, all paint must be sanded off this area and cover with an epoxy primer first to seal area and then apply new color and clear coat. Structural steel installation work shall be perfo r med in accordance with following flow ... On receipt at Site the Fabricated materials shall be carefully unloaded and examined for defects, checked and sorted according to its erection sequence requirements. Cleaned surface is free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, dust, metal oxides (corrosion products), and other foreign matter Requires a minimum 0.75 -mil (19-µm) profile on bare metal substrate. Cleaned surface is free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, dust, metal oxides (corrosion products), and other foreign matter Requires a minimum 0.75 -mil (19-µm) profile on bare metal substrate. ASTM's paint and related coating standards are instrumental in specifying and evaluating the physical and chemical properties of various paints and coatings that are applied to certain bulk materials to improve their surface properties. Steel surface preparation removes the physical defects and contaminants before coatings are applied. For very corrosive atmospheres where high cost of cleaning is warranted. require painting. 2. Paint systems for steel structures have developed over the years to comply with industrial environmental legislation and in response to demands from bridge and building owners for improved durability performance. Defects occur in the new layer just above the original defects. Probable Causes: High overvoltage principally from impressed current systems but also to a lesser extent Different This is due to the use of insufficient oil in the primer. The following table can be found in SSPC’s Good Painting Practice Volume 1, which is an excellent introduction to steel structure protection. These 3 types of coatings are some of the most common that you will see in industrial markets such as: Chemical Processing, Pulp and Paper, Food & Beverage Processing, Power Generation. A short summary of this paper. General Requirements i. VIP members get additional benefits. It is 2. Application of Bituminous Paint: Bituminous Paint is available as ready to use and does not require thinning. Iron and steel are the most commonly used metals in exterior structures. The staining or tightly adherent matter shall be limited to no more than 5 percent of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) area of the cleaned surface. To Typically, “Class B” or “Environmental Ground/Water Protection” containments will be required. and Process of Painting on Different Surfaces. SSPC-SP 14/ NACE No. Paint is the most commonly used material to protect steel. Some of the common defects that usually occur in painting works are explained in this article. Download. What are the Requirements of Good Building Construction Estimator? PDF. Surface preparation is the first step in this process. The chapter discusses paint protection of steel structures of oil, gas, and petrochemical industries mainly for refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, gas plants, aboveground facilities of gas transmission and distribution systems, marine structures and where applicable, in exploration, production and new ventures. The presence of surface defects can dramatically change the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of a material. 4. Lost your password? Total or partial removal of a dried paint film in flakes by accidental damage or wear during service: in traffic paints, this failure is usually characterized by sharp edges and definite demarcation of the base area {CED}. Removal of all loose rust, loose mill scale, and loose paint, by power tool chipping, descaling, sanding, wire brushing, and grinding. Level of flash rust permissible immediately prior to coating application must be specified. They are usually chosen not for their corrosion resistance, but rather for their strength, cost and ease of fabrication. Defects in Welding of Steel: While welding is a very effective and specialized technique for structural connections, it is very important that the deposited weld should be free from various types of imperfections and defects. Same level of cleanliness as SSPC-SP 14/NACE No. Complete removal of all visible oil, grease, dirt, rust, coating, mill scale, corrosion products and other foreign matter by power tools, with resultant minimum surface profile of 1 mil. The following table can be found in. Removal of loose rust, loose mill scale, and loose paint, by hand chipping, scraping, sanding, and wire brushing. Country Defects during paint storage Settling. Standard NumberTitleDescription Download Free PDF. What is Frost Action in soils and How to prevent it? Bituminous paint can be applied to most substrates, including iron and steel structures, metal fabrications, castings, asbestos cement sheeting, and structural concrete surface. Types of Paints and their Applications in Construction, Also Read: Methods In this defect, soap patches are Basically the paint film is intact but the adhesion between the base and paint film … Mildew is a form of fungus which grows well in warm, moist and dark places. common defects 30 6. Moisture blisters can develop in various forms, sizes, areas and density. For high humidity, chemical atmosphere, marine, or other corrosive environments. Alligatoring is pattern cracking similar to the scales of an alligator. The structural steel was to be shop primed with an epoxy coating. Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice 6 Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications 6 Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to the inspector for reference to special requirements for proper application) Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel take necessary precautions in handling hazardous materials). the structure. similar to running but here the sag of paint is very thick. 3, but achieved by wet abrasive blast cleaning. Flaking. When you work with steel day-in and day-out, this information is a necessity. So what are steel defects, how do they occur, and what’s the proper way to address them? Become VIP Member, Do you need to remove the ads? New members usually receive a first coat or prime coat of paint after they are fabricated and are still in the fabrication plant or shop. Complete removal of all visible oil, grease, coatings, rust, corrosion products mill scale, and other foreign matter by power tools, with resultant minimum surface profile of 1 mil (25.4 µm). LATENT DAMAGE OR DEFECTS: Damage to surfaces by causes beyond the control of the painting and decorating contractor after the painting and decorating contractor’s work has been completed. SSPC-SP WJ-1/ NACE WJ-1Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Clean to Bare SubstrateWhen viewed without magnification, the metal surface shall have a matte (dull, mottled) finish and shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, rust and other corrosion products, previous coatings, mill scale, and foreign matter Tightly adhering contaminants can remain on no more than 10% of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) area of the cleaned surface. For steel structures and components this process usually involves pre-cleaning and some type of blasting or grinding. ocean or wintery bridge), Other contaminant is visible on the surface, Abrasive blasting is one of the most fast and cost-effective methods of surface preparation available for large areas of steel. The defects in concrete structures affects not only the sense of view but also the use function, structural performance and service life of the project. A latent defect exists at the time of construction but is undetected until after (sometimes years after) construction is completed and the structure and its systems are in use. Pockets should be provided with effective drain holes or filled with waterproofing materials. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. Defects occur in the new layer just above the original defects. Surface preparation and cleaning can involve dirt, soil, oil, grease, chemicals, mill scale, rust paint and myriad of other defects. The detachment of paint film from the surface is called Common Defects A paint defect is in many cases due to a number of causes. The swelling is caused by the formation of an air bubble under the paint film due to the presence of moisture or oil or grease matter. The most successful were red lead primers and vinyl resins; however, regulations have discouraged the use of these materials. Download PDF Package. Insulated Lines and Equipments. Structural cracks deserve immediate attention. However, impact cleaning tools also run the risk of damaging and the metal surface and causing more work. PDF. Wrinkling occurs when a thick layer of paint is to be coated on the surface. Requirements for removing loose contaminants and coating from coated and uncoated galvanized steel, stainless steels, and non-ferrous metals. The welding Our welding is in accordance with the American welding standard AWSD1.1 Steel surface preparation removes the physical defects and contaminants before coatings are applied. Painting can be fragile as time passes on, and the workers should be skilled enough to rectify the defects. Prabir Datta. Various criteria is considered to determine the type of paint that will be used. Blistering can occur between the individual layers and also beneath the entire paint structure. Painting is the principal method of protecting structural steelwork from corrosion. Summary of common defects in the buildings are given in Table: 1. Chalking is the formation of powder on the painted surface. Painting not only gives a good appearance to a structure but also provides protection against various infiltrative actions such as corrosion, decaying, weathering, etc. If all of the following conditions are true, then the structure may be considered a candidate for overcoating. To prevent this, a high-quality oil-based primer should be used as a prime coat. 2. - Surface defects - Craters, undercutting overlapping edges of welds - Cracks, etc. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. The visibility of background due to insufficient opacity of Consider pre-cleaning when any of the following issues are at play: Class B containment should be used in urban or sensitive environments. Low-pressure options are used for pre-cleaning to handle water-soluble contaminants, and high-pressure blasting and waterjetting are used for maintenance cleaning. Cleaning up to near-white metal (SSPC 10) can be achieved through power tool cleaning. Section II: 1. PDF. [1] Bigos, J., G.W. The staining or tightly adherent matter shall be limited to no more than 5 percent of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) area of the cleaned surface. If it is due to moisture then it is called peeling and if it is due to oil and grease matter then it is called blistering. Abrasive blasting can actually harm your asset if these contaminants are not dealt with properly. The steel surface is contaminated with grease or oil, The steel surface is near a high-sodium area (e.g. A cross section would show a series of connected voids through the layers (see Figure 9). Zinc coatings provide excellent corrosion protection to structural steel. a. Gassing is most common over plastic substrates and zinc coated steel, although I also have seen it occur over aluminum castings (which turned out to unacceptably porous). Staining is permitted on no more than 5% of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) area of the cleaned surface. These tools scrape and chip away rust and paint. PDF. In addition, paintwork may also be damaged by a whole range of environmental effects, which have to be identified and remedied. It is common knowledge that a structure needs to be inspected and certain tests are needed to be performed in order to ensure its safety. Shop Inspector’s references and equipment list revised. Electronic copies are acceptable. A procedure suitable for shop or field use for determining compliance with specified profile ranges on a steel substrate. Any residual material shall be tightly adhered to the metal substrate and may consist of randomly dispersed stains of rust and other corrosion products or previously applied coating, tightly adherent thin coatings, and other tightly adherent foreign matter. Weight-bearing steel fabrication is 30%-50% lighter than its wooden equivalent. and Process of Painting on Different Surfaces. falling objects during typhoon), ingress of water into the gap between the finishes or tiles and the structure, etc. If you go down the abrasive blasting route, make sure to take care of these types of contaminants during pre-cleaning. Staining is permitted on no more than 33% of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) area of the cleaned surface. BARRIER PROTECTION (A.9) In explaining how paint protects by forming a barrier between the elements and the steel surface, it is commonly said that an effective coating film is impermeable to moisture. Examples of such include, but are not limited to, building settlement, cracks, water damage, earthquake damage, nail and/or screw pops or expansion and/or For steel structures and components this process usually involves pre-cleaning and some type of blasting or grinding. Paints are usually applied one coat on top of another, each coat having a specific function or use. SSPC-SP WJ-4/ NACE WJ-4Waterjet Cleaning of Metals–Light CleaningWhen viewed without magnification, the metal surface shall be free of all visible oil, grease, dirt, dust, loose mill scale, loose rust and other corrosion products, and loose coating. Here are the top 10 most common exterior paint problems—their causes and solutions, as well as ways to prevent them. If there is any trace of mildew growth, then wash the surface with the solution of bleach. Steel being a very strong material leads to slender members. Random staining is limited to no more than 33 percent of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) of surface. This is due to … There are two types of structural steel painting operations: first time or new construction paint jobs and repaint or maintenance paint jobs. And therefore you need the seven (7) test on the steel structure. Rotary cleaning tools consist of an abrasive material that spins on a disk at high velocity. Wet abrasive blasting is the preferable option to dry abrasive blasting when dust is a major concern. Sign Up to The Constructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. Trace amounts of coating and corrosion products may remain in the bottom of pits if the substrate was pitted prior to cleaning. 8, but achieved by wet abrasive blast cleaning. Repair - Minor repair of coated / painted surfaces. Pre-cleaning removes loose or soluble surface contaminants. Level of flash rust permissible immediately prior to coating application must be specified. 1, but achieved by wet abrasive blast cleaning. When a surface is to be painted with a thick layer of paint, SSPC-SP 2Hand Tool CleaningRemoval of loose rust, loose mill scale, and loose paint, by hand chipping, scraping, sanding, and wire brushing. Applying a rust preventer can mitigate this issue. Main Types of Paint Used With Steel Standard primers Specialty paints 1. DEFECTS IN STEEL STRUCTURES. SSPC-PA 17Conformance to Profile/Surface Roughness/Peak Count RequirementsA procedure suitable for shop or field use for determining compliance with specified profile ranges on a steel substrate. 2. THK_Paint Defects_InGB.fh9 04.10.2005 10:08 Uhr Seite 1 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Paint defects – inevitable but manageable. “Structural Steel Painting: Overcoating - Lump Sum”. Random staining is limited to no more than 33 percent of each 9 in2 (0.005 m2 ) of surface. Epoxy 3. Same level of cleanliness as SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. Mining, Petrochem, and Marine. Section II: 1. 3, but achieved by wet abrasive blast cleaning. Steel surfaces need to be treated to prevent corrosion over the course of an asset’s lifetime. Product used in the photo is Gulf Coast Paints MCU-104 Zinc Rich Primer. Likewise, steel must be protected from corrosion in special applications such as the corrosive environment of a paper processing plant or a structure with oceanfront exposure. Blooming. Tightly adhering residues of mill scale, rust, and coatings may remain.
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